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Credit basics1 min read

Credit Rebuild Glossary: Terms Fair-Credit Borrowers Should Know

Written by Jordan Park — Senior Writer, Credit Score & ToolsPublished Updated

What is Credit Rebuild Glossary: Terms Fair-Credit Borrowers Should Know?

Definitions for hard pull, soft pull, utilization, statement close date, and fair-credit bands — with CFPB and FICO references.

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Master the vocabulary behind approvals, utilization strategy, and bureau reporting before you apply.

  • Definitions for hard pull, soft pull, utilization, statement close date, and fair-credit bands — with CFPB and FICO references.

Fair credit (FICO 580–669)

Most issuers treat 580–669 as fair credit, though cutoffs vary. See [CFPB credit-score guidance](https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/what-is-a-credit-score-en-316/) and [FICO score ranges](https://www.myfico.com/credit-education/credit-scores).

Hard pull vs soft pull

A hard inquiry can affect your score and appears on your report when you apply for credit. Soft inquiries from prequalification tools do not impact your score — use them first when available.

Utilization and statement close

Utilization is reported balances divided by limits. Paying before statement close can lower reported utilization and help scores within one to two cycles.

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Common questions

What is a hard pull vs soft pull?

Hard pulls usually happen when you apply for credit and can affect your score. Soft pulls from prequalification and self-checks do not.

What utilization should I aim for?

Below 30% is a common floor; many profiles perform better under 10%. Pay before statement close when possible.